The traditional hardness-toughness tradeoff poses a substantial challenge for the development of superhard materials. Due to strong covalent bonds and intrinsic brittleness, the full advantage of microstructure engineering for enhanced mechanical properties requires further exploration in superhard materials. Here heterogeneous diamond-cBN composites were synthesized from a carefully prepared precursor (hBN microflakes uniformly wrapped by onion carbon nanoparticles) through phase transitions under high pressure and high temperature. The synthesized composites inherit the architecture of the precursors: cBN regions with an anisotropic profile that spans several micrometers laterally and several hundred nanometers in thickness are embedded in a nanograined diamond matrix with high-density nanotwins. A significantly high fracture toughness of 16.9 ± 0.8 MPa m is achieved, far beyond those of single-crystal diamond and cBN, without sacrificing hardness. A detailed TEM analysis revealed multiple toughening mechanisms closely related to the microstructure. This work sheds light on microstructure engineering in superhard materials for excellent mechanical properties.
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