Biological Control of : In Vitro and In Vivo Activity, Limitations, and Combination Therapies.

Microorganisms

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.

Published: May 2022

The survival, proliferation, and epidemic spread of () in hospital settings is associated with several characteristics, including resistance to many commercially available antibiotics as well as the expression of multiple virulence mechanisms. This severely limits therapeutic options, with increased mortality and morbidity rates recorded worldwide. The World Health Organisation, thus, recognises as one of the critical pathogens that need to be prioritised for the development of new antibiotics or treatment. The current review will thus provide a brief overview of the antibiotic resistance and virulence mechanisms associated with ' "persist and resist strategy". Thereafter, the potential of biological control agents including secondary metabolites such as biosurfactants [lipopeptides (surfactin and serrawettin) and glycolipids (rhamnolipid)] as well as predatory bacteria () and bacteriophages to directly target , will be discussed in terms of their in vitro and in vivo activity. In addition, limitations and corresponding mitigations strategies will be outlined, including curtailing resistance development using combination therapies, product stabilisation, and large-scale (up-scaling) production.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147981PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051052DOI Listing

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