Salty Twins: Salt-Tolerance of Terrestrial Strains (Cyanobacteria) and Description of sp. nov. Point towards a Marine Origin of the Genus and Terrestrial Long Distance Dispersal Patterns.

The ability to adapt to wide ranges of environmental conditions coupled with their long evolution has allowed cyanobacteria to colonize almost every habitat on Earth. Modern taxonomy tries to track not only this diversification process but also to assign individual cyanobacteria to specific niches. It was our aim to work out a potential niche concept for the genus in terms of salt tolerance. We used a strain based on the description of sp. nov. isolated from a potash tailing pile (Germany) and for comparison that was isolated from sandy beaches (The Netherlands). The taxonomic position of sp. nov. was evaluated by phylogenetic analysis and morphological descriptions of its life cycle. Salt tolerance of sp. nov. and was monitored with cultivation assays in liquid medium and on sand under salt concentrations ranging from 0% to 12% (1500 mM) NaCl. Optimum growth conditions were detected for both strains at 4% (500 mM) NaCl based on morpho-anatomical and physiological criteria such as photosynthetic yield by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Taking into consideration that all known strains of this genus colonize salty habitats supports our assumption that the genus might have a marine origin but also expands colonization to salty terrestrial habitats. This aspect is further discussed, including the ecological and biotechnological relevance of the data presented.