AI Article Synopsis

  • An observational study analyzed plasma samples from 92 patients undergoing chemotherapy, using next-generation sequencing to measure changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels after treatment cycles.
  • Results showed that patients with less than or equal to 50% decrease in ctDNA after one or two chemotherapy cycles had significantly lower progression-free and overall survival rates, suggesting ctDNA levels could be a valuable predictor of treatment response.

Article Abstract

Monitoring treatment efficacy early during therapy could enable a change in treatment to improve patient outcomes. We report an early assessment of response to treatment in advanced NSCLC using a plasma-only strategy to measure changes in ctDNA levels after one cycle of chemotherapy. Plasma samples were collected from 92 patients with Stage IIIB-IV NSCLC treated with first-line chemo- or chemoradiation therapies in an observational, prospective study. Retrospective ctDNA analysis was performed using next-generation sequencing with a targeted 198-kb panel designed for lung cancer surveillance and monitoring. We assessed whether changes in ctDNA levels after one or two cycles of treatment were associated with clinical outcomes. Subjects with ≤50% decrease in ctDNA level after one cycle of chemotherapy had a lower 6-month progression-free survival rate (33% vs. 58%, HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.2, log-rank p = 0.009) and a lower 12-month overall survival rate (25% vs. 70%, HR 4.3, 95% CI 2.2 to 9.7, log-rank p < 0.001). Subjects with ≤50% decrease in ctDNA level after two cycles of chemotherapy also had shorter survival. Using non-invasive liquid biopsies to measure early changes in ctDNA levels in response to chemotherapy may help identify non-responders before standard-of-care imaging in advanced NSCLC.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9139958PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102479DOI Listing

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