The burden of bacterial resistance to antibiotics affects several key sectors in the world, including healthcare, the government, and the economic sector. Resistant bacterial infection is associated with prolonged hospital stays, direct costs, and costs due to loss of productivity, which will cause policy makers to adjust their policies. Current widely performed procedures for the identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria rely on culture-based methodology. However, some resistance determinants, such as free-floating DNA of resistance genes, are outside the bacterial genome, which could be potentially transferred under antibiotic exposure. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to profiling antibiotic resistance offer several advantages to overcome the limitations of the culture-based approach. These methodologies enhance the probability of detecting resistance determinant genes inside and outside the bacterial genome and novel resistance genes yet pose inherent challenges in availability, validity, expert usability, and cost. Despite these challenges, such molecular-based and bioinformatics technologies offer an exquisite advantage in improving clinicians' diagnoses and the management of resistant infectious diseases in humans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of next-generation sequencing technologies, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics in assessing antimicrobial resistance profiles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11050654 | DOI Listing |
Environ Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Shotgun and proximity-ligation metagenomic sequencing were used to generate thousands of metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) from the untreated wastewater, activated sludge bioreactors, and anaerobic digesters from two full-scale municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Analysis of the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the pool of contigs from the shotgun metagenomic sequences revealed significantly different relative abundances and types of ARGs in the untreated wastewaster compared to the activated sludge bioreactors or the anaerobic digesters (p < 0.05).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Methods
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Diagnostics, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global challenge in treating bacterial infections, creating an urgent need for broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that can effectively combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Despite advancements in novel antimicrobial agents, many fail to comprehensively cover common resistant bacterial strains or undergo rigorous multi-center validation. Herein, a cationic AIE-active photosensitizers are developed, ITPM, derived from a triphenylamine-pyridine backbone to address the MDR challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Drug Deliv
January 2025
Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Introduction: Liposomal hydrogels are novel drug delivery systems that comprise preformed liposomes incorporated in hydrogels destined for mostly localized drug therapy, herewith antimicrobial therapy. The formulation benefits from versatility of liposomes as lipid-based nanocarriers that enable delivery of various antimicrobials of different lipophilicities, and secondary vehicle, hydrogel, that assures better retention time of formulation at the infection site. Especially in an era of alarming antimicrobial resistance, efficient localized antimicrobial therapy that avoids systemic exposure of antimicrobial and related side effects is crucial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
December 2024
Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-Daero, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
Background/objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a serious risk to public health since its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide despite numerous therapeutics. Insulin resistance in T2DM contributes to chronic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities that generate fat accumulation in the liver, eventually leading to the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Recently, the possibility that microbial-derived metabolites may alleviate MAFLD through enterohepatic circulation has emerged, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoods
December 2024
College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium colonizing the intestinal mucus layer, is regarded as a promising "next-generation probiotic". There is mounting evidence that diabetes and its complications are associated with disorders of abundance. Thus, and its components, including the outer membrane protein Amuc_1100, -derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs), and the secreted proteins P9 and Amuc_1409, are systematically summarized with respect to mechanisms of action in diabetes mellitus.
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