Adverse Event Reporting Priorities: An Integrative Review.

Objectives: Adverse events remain the third leading cause of death in hospitals today, after heart disease and cancer. However, adverse events remain underreported. The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize adverse event reporting priorities in acute care hospitals from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research articles.

Methods: A comprehensive review of articles was conducted using nursing, medicine, and communication databases between January 1, 1999, and May 3, 2021. The literature was described using standard reporting criteria.

Results: Twenty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria. Four key priorities emerged: understanding and reducing barriers, improving perceptions of adverse event reporting within healthcare hierarchies, improving organizational culture, and improving outcomes measurement.

Conclusions: A paucity of literature on adverse event reporting within acute care hospital settings was found. Perceptions of fear of blaming and retaliation, lack of feedback, and comfort level of challenging someone more powerful present the greatest barriers to adverse event reporting. Based on qualitative studies, obtaining trusting relationships and sustaining that trust, especially in hierarchical healthcare systems, are difficult to achieve. Given that patient safety training is a common strategy clinically to improve organizational culture, only 4 published articles examined its effectiveness. Further research in acute care hospitals is needed on all 4 key priorities. The findings of this review may ultimately be used by clinicians and researchers to reduce adverse events and develop future research questions.