Superpixel Guided Deformable Convolution Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification.

Convolutional neural networks are widely used in the field of hyperspectral image classification because of their excellent nonlinear feature extraction ability. However, as the sampling position of the regular convolution kernel is unchangeable, the regular convolution cannot distinctively extract the spatial and spectral information around the central pixel, which makes the classification results at the boundaries of ground objects over-smoothed and the classification performance degraded. Thus, we propose a novel superpixel guided deformable convolution network (SGDCN) for hyperspectral image classification. Firstly, the superpixel region fusion filter (SRF-Filter) is designed to fuse the initial superpixel region segmented by the simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC), making the fused superpixel region have a high homogeneity and also contain spatial features of diverse scales. Then, the superpixel guided deformable convolution (SGD-Conv) is proposed to make the shape of deformable convolution consistent with the real shape of land covers, and the SGD-Conv can extract pure neighborhood spatial-spectral features. Finally, a superpixel joint bilateral filter (SPJBF) is designed to solve the pixel-level and region-level misclassification problem, which can effectively utilize the superpixel region's homogeneity and improve the classification accuracy. Experiments on three HSI datasets indicate that the SGDCN can obtain better classification performance when compared with other twelve state-of-the-art methods.