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Prenatal Valproic Acid Induces Autistic-Like Behaviors in Rats via Dopaminergic Modulation in Nigrostriatal and Mesocorticolimbic Pathways.
J Neurochem
January 2025
Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder characterized by several behavioral impairments, especially in socialization, communication, and the occurrence of stereotyped behaviors. In rats, prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) induces autistic-like behaviors. Previous studies by our group have suggested that the autistic-like phenotype is possibly related to dopaminergic system modulation because tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was affected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Impact of Dexamphetamine Treatment for Obesity on Executive Function: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.
Brain Sci
December 2024
Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
Background: Amphetamines increase dopamine levels in mid-brain regions which, in turn, impact top-down executive function. Repeated exposure is linked to substance use disorders. Nonetheless, amphetamines are used to manage attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating-related disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInput-output specific orchestration of aversive valence in lateral habenula during stress dynamics.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B
April 2024
Department of Neurology and International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China.
Stress has been considered as a major risk factor for depressive disorders, triggering depression onset via inducing persistent dysfunctions in specialized brain regions and neural circuits. Among various regions across the brain, the lateral habenula (LHb) serves as a critical hub for processing aversive information during the dynamic process of stress accumulation, thus having been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. LHb neurons integrate aversive valence conveyed by distinct upstream inputs, many of which selectively innervate the medial part (LHbM) or lateral part (LHbL) of LHb.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCoherent Changes in Neural Motor Network Activity during Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.
J Integr Neurosci
December 2024
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
Background: Long-term use of levodopa, a metabolic precursor of dopamine (DA) for alleviation of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), can cause a serious side effect known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). With the development of LID, high-frequency gamma oscillations (~100 Hz) are registered in the motor cortex (MCx) in patients with PD and rats with experimental PD. Studying alterations in the activity within major components of motor networks during transition from levodopa-off state to dyskinesia can provide useful information about their contribution to the development of abnormal gamma oscillations and LID.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Risk Factor for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Induces Marked Long-Term Anatomical Changes at GABAergic-Dopaminergic Synapses in the Rat Ventral Tegmental Area.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. However, the core biology of the disorder that leads to the hypofunctioning of the cerebral dopaminergic network requires further elucidation. We investigated midbrain synaptic changes in male rats exposed to repeated hypoxia during the equivalent of extreme prematurity, which is a new animal model of the hyperactive/impulsive presentation of ADHD.
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