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http://dx.doi.org/10.23736/S2724-6051.22.04954-0 | DOI Listing |
Horm Behav
November 2023
Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:
The inclusion of sex and gender considerations in biomedicine has been increasing in light of calls from research and funding agencies, governmental bodies, and advocacy groups to direct research attention to these issues. Although the inclusion of both female and male participants is often an important element, overreliance on a female-male binary tends to oversimplify the interactions between sex- and gender-related factors and health, and runs a risk of being influenced by cultural stereotypes about sex and gender. When biomedical researchers are examining how hormones associated with gender and sex may influence pathways of interest, it is of crucial importance to approach this work with a critical lens on the rhetoric used, and in ways that acknowledge the complexity of hormone physiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
March 2023
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Sex hormones are key determinants of gender-related differences and regulate growth and development during puberty. They also exert a broad range modulation of immune cell functions, and a dichotomy exists in the immune response between the sexes. Both clinical and animal models have demonstrated that androgens, estrogens, and progestogens mediate many of the gender-specific differences in immune responses, from the susceptibility to infectious diseases to the prevalence of autoimmune disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychiatry
June 2022
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sex differences are prevalent in multiple mental disorders. Internalizing disorders are more commonly diagnosed in women, whereas externalizing and neurodevelopmental disorders are more often diagnosed in men. Significant sex/gender differences are reported in prevalence, symptom profile, age of onset, comorbidities, functional impairment, prognosis, as well as in responses to various treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMinerva Urol Nephrol
June 2022
Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Breathe (Sheff)
June 2018
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Unlabelled: Gender differences in chronic respiratory disease, including cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis are clinically apparent and of increasing importance. Differences in disease prevalence, severity and outcome are all described, however, the precise cause of the gender dichotomy and their associated underlying mechanisms have been poorly characterised. A lack of dedicated clinical and epidemiological research focused in this area has led to a paucity of data and therefore a lack of understanding of its key drivers.
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