Systems immunology lacks a framework with which to derive theoretical understanding from high-dimensional datasets. We combined a robotic platform with machine learning to experimentally measure and theoretically model CD8 T cell activation. High-dimensional cytokine dynamics could be compressed onto a low-dimensional latent space in an antigen-specific manner (so-called "antigen encoding"). We used antigen encoding to model and reconstruct patterns of T cell immune activation. The model delineated six classes of antigens eliciting distinct T cell responses. We generalized antigen encoding to multiple immune settings, including drug perturbations and activation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Such universal antigen encoding for T cell activation may enable further modeling of immune responses and their rational manipulation to optimize immunotherapies.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl5311DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

antigen encoding
16
cell activation
12
universal antigen
8
encoding cell
8
activation high-dimensional
8
high-dimensional cytokine
8
cytokine dynamics
8
cell
5
activation
5
encoding
4

Similar Publications

Background: The Rh blood group system (ISBT004) is encoded by two homologous genes, RHD and RHCE. Polymorphism in these two genes gives rise to 56 antigens, which are highly immunogenic and clinically significant. This study extended previous work on the establishment of RHD allele specific reference sequences using next generation sequencing (NGS) with the Ion Personal Genome Machine (Ion PGM) to sequence the complete RHCE gene.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The present study was aimed to produce the recombinant protein of allergen component 32 (Tyr p 32) and to identify its immunoreactivity. The cDNA encoding Tyr p 32 was amplified from total RNA of and inserted into pET-28a (+) vector. The constructed plasmid pET-28a (+)-Tyr p 32 was transformed into BL21 (DE3) receptor cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

OsPAD1, encoding a non-specific lipid transfer protein, is required for rice pollen aperture formation.

Plant Mol Biol

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Zhongshan Biological Breeding laboratoryr, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

Article Synopsis
  • - Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are crucial for moving lipids between membranes, impacting pollen wall development, including the pollen aperture structure.
  • - The study focuses on a rice mutant called pollen aperture defect 1 (Ospad1), which shows male sterility due to abnormal pollen grain development linked to a non-specific LTP that fails to properly bind lipids.
  • - Researchers found that OsPAD1 interacts with a gene involved in pollen development, providing new insights into how LTPs function in forming pollen apertures, which could have broader implications for other cereal crops.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Our investigation uncovers that nanomolar concentrations of salinomycin, monensin, nigericin, and narasin (a group of potassium/sodium cation carriers) robustly enhance surface expression of CD20 antigen in B-cell-derived tumor cells, including primary malignant cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Experiments in vitro, ex vivo, and animal model reveal a novel approach of combining salinomycin or monensin with therapeutic anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies or anti-CD20 CAR-T cells, significantly improving non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) therapy. The results of RNA-seq, genetic editing, and chemical inhibition delineate the molecular mechanism of CD20 upregulation, at least partially, to the downregulation of MYC, the transcriptional repressor of the MS4A1 gene encoding CD20.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Harnessing the power of the immune system to target cancer cells is one of the most appealing approaches for cancer therapy. Among these immunotherapies, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) cancer vaccines are worthy of consideration, as they have demonstrated promising results in clinical trials. These vaccines have proven to be safe and well-tolerated.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!