Longitudinal Trajectory of the Link Between Ventral Striatum and Depression in Adolescence.

Am J Psychiatry

Department of Psychiatry, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil (Pan, Sato); Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Pan, Westwater, Grillon, Ernst); Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil (Sato); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie," Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Paillère Martinot, Martinot, Artiges); AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère Martinot); Department of Psychiatry, EPS Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France (Artiges); Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland (Penttilä); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Grimmer, Banaschewski); MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Berlin (van Noort); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany (Becker); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London (Desrivières, Poustka); Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany (Ittermann); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Papadopoulos Orfanos); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Center for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai, and Charité Mental Health, Berlin (Schumann); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K. (Westwater); Department of Education, ICT, and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway (Cogo-Moreira); Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (Stringaris).

Published: July 2022

Objective: Research in adolescent depression has found aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) among the ventral striatum (VS) and several brain regions implicated in reward processing. The present study probes this question by taking advantage of the availability of data from a large youth cohort, the IMAGEN Consortium.

Methods: iFC data from 303 adolescents (48% of them female) were used to examine associations of VS connectivity at baseline (at age 14) with depressive disorders at baseline and at 2-year (N=250) and 4-year (N=219) follow-ups. Eleven regions of interest, key nodes of the reward system, were used to probe the reward network and calculate the connectivity strength of the VS within this network (VS connectivity). The main analyses assessed associations of VS connectivity with depressive disorders, anhedonia, and low mood using logistic regression. Autoregressive models accounting for carryover effects over time were conducted to further evaluate these brain-behavior associations.

Results: Higher right VS connectivity was associated with higher probability of depressive disorders at baseline (odds ratio=2.65, 95% CI=1.40, 5.05). This finding was confirmed in the autoregressive model, adjusting for carryover effects of the depressive disorders across the three time points. VS connectivity was not predictive of depressive disorders at follow-up assessments. Longitudinal associations between VS connectivity and anhedonia emerged in the structural equation model: left VS connectivity was associated with anhedonia at 2 years (odds ratio=2.20, 95% CI=1.54, 3.14), and right VS connectivity was linked to anhedonia at 4 years (odds ratio=1.87, 95% CI=1.09, 3.21). VS connectivity did not predict low mood at any time point in the structural equation model.

Conclusions: The connectivity strength of the VS within the reward network showed distinct patterns of association with depressive disorders and anhedonia from mid to late adolescence, suggesting that the role of this circuitry in depression changes with age. This study replicates, in an independent sample, the association between the VS and depression previously reported in younger adolescents. The findings suggest a role of VS connectivity in anhedonia but not in low mood.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20081180DOI Listing

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