AI Article Synopsis
- Sex chromosomes have evolved multiple times across species, with much research focusing on the loss of coding regions due to harmful mutations.
- The evolution of the regulatory landscape on sex chromosomes is less understood, prompting a review of theories and studies on how these regulatory changes affect gene expression in sex-limited chromosomes.
- Recent discoveries indicate that downregulation of ancestral alleles is common on Y chromosomes, highlighting the significant role of regulatory evolution in the development of sex chromosomes.
Article Abstract
Sex chromosomes have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life. Most work has focused on the loss of coding regions from sex-limited chromosomes through the accumulation of deleterious mutations. By comparison, less is known about how the regulatory landscape evolves. We review theories of how regulatory landscapes evolve on sex chromosomes and the overall impact they have on gametolog expression. We integrate empirical studies on sex chromosomes with theoretical work to synthesize how regulatory evolution could occur on sex chromosomes. Recent findings have revealed that downregulation of ancestral alleles is probably widespread on Y chromosomes and that regulatory evolution plays a key role in the evolution of sex chromosomes.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2022.04.004 | DOI Listing |
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