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Beta-hydroxybutyrate alters bovine preimplantation embryo development through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms†.
Biol Reprod
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
Developing embryos are susceptible to fluctuations in the nutrients and metabolites concentrations within the reproductive tract, which can lead to alterations in their developmental trajectory. Ketotic dairy cows have diminished fertility, and elevated levels of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) have been associated with poor embryonic development. We used an in vitro model based on either in vitro fertilization (IVF) or parthenogenesis to investigate the effects of BHB on the preimplantation bovine embryo development, epigenome, and transcriptome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwin embryo formation by induced parthenogenesis.
Plant Reprod
November 2024
Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Induction of parthenogenesis (embryo formation from unfertilized egg cells) by embryogenic transcription factors is associated with twin formation at high frequencies, and involves two distinct mechanisms. Synthetic apomixis has been achieved through the induction of parthenogenesis by ectopic expression of the Baby Boom family of transcription factors. An associated phenomenon from this process is the formation of polyembryony including twin progeny at high frequencies, but the underlying mechanisms have not been explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynergistic induction of fertilization-independent embryogenesis in rice egg cells by paternal-genome-expressed transcription factors.
Nat Plants
December 2024
Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- In rice, the transcription factor BABY BOOM 1 (OsBBM1) is crucial for activating the embryo development process right after fertilization, allowing for the formation of embryos without fertilization (parthenogenesis).
- Researchers found that another transcription factor, DWARF TILLER1 (OsDWT1/OsWOX9A), when expressed alongside OsBBM1 in egg cells, significantly boosts the chances of embryo formation—up to 91% parthenogenesis compared to just OsBBM1 alone.
- These findings highlight that the combined action of paternal genes is key to initiating embryo development, which can be applied to improve the production of haploid plants and hybrid seeds in agriculture.
New Observations of the Effects of the Cytoplasm of Boiss. in Bread Wheat L.
Genes (Basel)
June 2024
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The cytoplasm of wheat plays a crucial role in inducing male sterility and haploidy, influencing various aspects of plant fertility and development.
- While the main fertility restorer locus on chromosome arm 1BS shows little variation, other genes may also impact the interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, affecting traits from pollen competition to seed size.
- The study reveals complex cytoplasmic-nuclear interactions that can lead to various fertilization outcomes, and further genetic analysis is needed to better understand the suppressors and enhancers involved in maternal haploid production in wheat.
Phylloxera and Aphids Show Distinct Features of Genome Evolution Despite Similar Reproductive Modes.
Mol Biol Evol
December 2023
Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Genomes of aphids (family Aphididae) show several unusual evolutionary patterns. In particular, within the XO sex determination system of aphids, the X chromosome exhibits a lower rate of interchromosomal rearrangements, fewer highly expressed genes, and faster evolution at nonsynonymous sites compared with the autosomes. In contrast, other hemipteran lineages have similar rates of interchromosomal rearrangement for autosomes and X chromosomes.
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