AI Article Synopsis
- Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is characterized by persistent oral pain and burning sensations lasting more than 2 hours daily for over 3 months, with no identifiable lesions.
- It affects about 1.73% of the global population, with higher prevalence in females and the elderly.
- Research indicates that peripheral nerve damage may play a significant role in BMS, alongside potential factors like reflux, hormonal changes, and an underexplored impact of oral microbiota, highlighting the need for more comprehensive studies on its causes and treatment options.
Article Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as "idiopathic orofacial pain with intraoral burning or dysesthesia recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day and more than 3 months, without any identifiable causative lesions, with or without somatosensory changes" in International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 2020. Worldwide prevalence of BMS was estimated to be 1.73% in population-based studies, while female and elderly are at higher risk of BMS. The aim of this narrative review is to clarify the main etiopathogenetic factors of BMS investigated so far in the scientific literature. There is growing evidence of an important role of peripheral neuropathology in BMS, supported by immunohistochemical studies which have demonstrated a significant loss of epithelial and subepithelial nerve fibers. Other possible etiopathogenetic factors emerging from literature are laryngopharyngeal reflux and hormonal and salivary changes related to aging and menopause. Finally, the role of the oral microbiota in BMS has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Further studies are necessary to investigate the probably multifactorial etiopathogenesis of primary BMS, a pathology which has a serious impact on the quality of life of our patients, a disease we find ourselves treating without the adequate therapy and the necessary knowledge.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-4245 | DOI Listing |
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