The chapters of this book give a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge of ILCs. Most of this knowledge stems from studies in mouse models. Translation to the human situation is not always straightforward because of differences between human and mouse ILCs and the microenvironments in which these ILCs are operating. Nonetheless, these mouse studies formed the basis for investigations in human diseases using state-of-the art technologies which are beginning to provide an understanding of the role of ILCs in inflammatory diseases in humans. This perspective discusses gaps in our knowledge about human ILCs and what type of studies may be done to resolve these.
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Group 1 innate lymphoid cells protect liver transplants from ischemia-reperfusion injury via an interferon-γ-mediated pathway.
Am J Transplant
December 2024
The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425. Electronic address:
As important immune regulatory cells, whether innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are involved in liver transplantation (LT) remains unclear. In a murine orthotopic LT model, we dissected roles of ILCs in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Wild type (WT) grafts suffered significantly higher IRI in Rag2-γc double knockout (DKO) than Rag2 KO recipients, in association with downregulation of group 1 ILCs genes, including IFN-γ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCutaneous innate lymphoid populations drive IL-17A-mediated immunity in Nannizzia gypsea dermatophytosis.
J Invest Dermatol
December 2024
Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI) CONICET, ARGENTINA. Electronic address:
Fungal skin infections significantly contribute to the global human disease burden, yet our understanding of cutaneous immunity against dermatophytes remains limited. Previously, we developed a model of epicutaneous infection with Microsporum canis in C57BL/6 mice, which highlighted the critical role of IL-17RA signaling in anti-dermatophyte defenses. Here, we expanded our investigation to the human pathogen Nannizzia gypsea and demonstrated that skin γδTCRint and CD8/CD4 double-negative βTCR+ T cells are the principal producers of IL-17A during dermatophytosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtocol for in vitro generation of innate lymphoid cells from human embryonic tissues.
STAR Protoc
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
Deciphering the origins of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is critical for a deeper understanding of innate immunity. Here, we present a protocol for assessing ILC potential of human embryonic resources. We describe steps for identifying lymphoid progenitors in human embryonic tissues, then culturing mature ILCs in vitro, and identifying characteristics and functions of different cultured ILC subsets using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes (CITE)-sequencing and flow cytometry analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerum IL-23 levels reflect a myeloid inflammatory signature and predict the response to apremilast in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
Background: The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor apremilast downregulates the production of IL-23 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
Aim: To investigate the effects of apremilast on the production of cytokines by peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages, innate-like lymphocyte cells (ILCs), mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT-like cells from patients with PsA manifesting different clinical responses to the treatment.
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Distinct Tissue-Dependent Composition and Gene Expression of Human Fetal Innate Lymphoid Cells.
Eur J Immunol
December 2024
Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
The human fetal immune system starts to develop in the first trimester and likely plays a crucial role in fetal development and maternal-fetal tolerance. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the earliest lymphoid cells to arise in the human fetus. ILCs consist of natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s that all share a common lymphoid origin.
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