In this study, different configurations of epoxy composite laminates that contained thin plies were prepared and characterised for sudden impact load bearing applications. The primary aim of this investigation was to develop a hybrid epoxy-based thin ply composite for aerospace and automotive applications that would be tolerant of high impacts. The impact properties of the selected configurations were investigated both experimentally and numerically under low-velocity Charpy impact loading conditions. Furthermore, any damage to the laminates was evaluated with an emphasis on the identification of dominant damage mechanisms and locations. This included a comparison between the laminates that were made from traditional plies and the thin ply laminates in terms of their absorbed energy and failure modes. The results revealed that the integration of thin plies into normal ply had a major effect on the amount of absorbed energy under flatwise conditions: up to 8.7 J at a cut-off angle of 90°. However, edgewise conditions produced a maximum observed energy of 10.0 J for the thin plies that were surrounded by normal plies (Plate 3). The damage assessments showed the increased damage resistance of the hybrid thin ply composites due to their uniform stress distribution. The traditional ply composites incurred large deformations from the impact loads. Moreover, it was noted that delamination formed in the middle regions of the traditional plies. The FEM model analysis revealed that it was capable of accurately predicting the absorbed energy for different configurations of composites, which were prepared and analysed experimentally. Both the experimental and numerical values were very similar to each other. These impact damage assessments improved the thin ply composites so that they could be used as working materials for applications that are prone to high loads, such as the aerospace, defence, automotive and structural industries.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091929 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
November 2024
Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Material Technologies, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
It is widely known that glass-epoxy laminates are renowned for their high stiffness, good thermal properties, and economic qualities. For this reason, composite materials find successful applications in various industrial sectors such as aerospace, astronautics, the storage sector, and energy. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials comprising two different types of epoxy resin and three different hardeners, both at room temperature and under cryogenic conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCan Vet J
October 2024
Surgery Service, Veterinary Emergency Clinic and Referral Centre (Freitas) and Department of Companion Animals (Hoddinott), Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3.
In this case, porcine small intestinal submucosa (pSIS) was used to repair a large congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a kitten. The pSIS was moistened in saline, folded in half, and sutured to the remnant of the right hemidiaphragm. The animal was determined to be doing well clinically and radiographically 12 wk after procedure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
August 2024
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
Traditional inspection methods often fall short in detecting defects or damage in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structures, which can compromise their performance and safety over time. A prime example is barely visible impact damage (BVID) caused by out-of-plane loadings such as indentation and low-velocity impact that can considerably reduce the residual strength. Therefore, developing advanced visual inspection techniques is essential for early detection of defects, enabling proactive maintenance and extending the lifespan of composite structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasonics
August 2024
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India. Electronic address:
Stiffeners play a vital role in strengthening thin panels in a wide range of engineering constructions by reducing additional structural weight. However, these structures are vulnerable to issues such as interlayer delamination or skin-stiffener interfacial debonding due to high stress levels developed from external environmental conditions and operational loadings. In contrast, ultrasonic-guided wave (UGW) techniques exhibit an efficient and precise approach for monitoring discontinuities or damages in composite structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
May 2024
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia (FEUP), Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
The use of thin-ply composite materials has rapidly increased due to their tailorable mechanical properties and design flexibility. Considering an adhesively bonded composite joint, peel stress stands out as a key contributor leading to failure among other primary stress factors. Therefore, the reinforcement of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates throughout the thickness could be considered as an approach to improve the joint strength.
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