AI Article Synopsis
- MDR-TB is a serious health issue that requires innovative treatments, and nanomedicine offers a potential solution by improving drug efficacy against resistant strains.
- Researchers prepared nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating various anti-TB drugs and tested their effectiveness on infected macrophages, revealing good cellular compatibility and a prolonged release.
- Results showed that these NP compounds significantly reduced bacterial colonies and enhanced immune responses in macrophages, suggesting they are a promising strategy for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Article Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major cause of death amongst tuberculosis patients. Nanomedicine avoids some limitations of conventional drug treatment and increases therapeutic efficacy against bacterial infections. However, the effect of anti-TB drug nanoparticle (NP) compounds in anti-TB regimens against MDR-TB remains unclear.
Objective: The objective of this article is to prepare levofloxacin, linezolid, ethambutol, prothionamide, and pyrazinamide encapsulated NPs and to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy against MDR-TB in macrophages.
Methods: Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared by the multiple emulsion method. The colocalization, intracellular release, and anti-TB activity of these NPs were investigated on cultured macrophages. The immune phenotype of the macrophages, including their mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) production, was evaluated following treatment with NPs or free drug compounds.
Results: All drug-loaded PLGA NPs were spherical in shape, 150 to 210 nm in size, and showed 14.22% to 43.51% encapsulation efficiencies and long-duration release. Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of macrophages, showed high cellular compatibility, and maintained their concentration for at least 13 days. Compared with the free drug compounds, the number of colonies after exposure to PLGA NP compounds was significantly less. The enhanced antibacterial activity of the NP compounds may be due to the enhanced levels of ROS and NO and the increased early apoptosis stress within M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages additionally.
Conclusion: The application of PLGA NP compounds not only enhances drug efficacy but also induces innate bactericidal events in macrophages, confirming this as a promising approach for MDR-TB therapy.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201819666220511120215 | DOI Listing |
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