Hematite iron oxide nanoparticles: apoptosis of myoblast cancer cells and their arithmetical assessment.

Hematite (α-FeO) forms iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) which are thermally stable and have various electrochemical and optochemical applications. Due to their wide applicability, the present work was designed to form the hematite phase of iron oxide (αFeONPs) NPs prepared a solution process. Their cytological performance was checked with C2C12 cells. The crystalline property of the NPs was examined with X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and it was found that the size of the particles formed ranged from 12 to 15 nm. Structural information was also identified field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which again confirmed that the size of each NP is about 12-15 nm. Surface topographical analysis was done atomic force microscopy (AFM), which reveals that the size of the distance between two particles is in the range of 12 ± 3 nm. The C2C12 cells were cultured in a humidified environment with 5% CO and were checked a microscope. The αFeONPs were used for cytotoxic evaluation against C2C12 cells. A MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was utilized to check the viability of cells in a dose-dependent (100 ng mL, 500 ng mL or 1000 ng mL) manner. The morphology of the cells under the influence of αFeONPs for live and dead cells in a wet environment was confirmed confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The apoptosis caused due to the αFeONPs was evaluated in presence of caspases 3/7 with GAPDH genes, which confirmed the upregulation that is responsible in caspase 3/7 genes, with treatment of C2C12 at low (500 ng mL) and high (1000 ng mL) doses of αFeONPs. Analytical studies were also performed to authenticate the obtained data for αFeONPs using parameters such as precision, accuracy, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), quantitative recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD). The analyses play a significant role in investigating the large effect of αFeONPs on C2C12 cells.