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Liquid biopsies to occult brain metastasis. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Brain metastasis (BrM) is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths, but there are currently no specific early detection biomarkers available in clinical practice.
  • - The review focuses on the molecular changes in breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma that enable cancer cells to cross the blood-brain barrier and form metastatic lesions in the brain.
  • - Liquid biopsy is explored as a non-invasive method to identify potential biomarkers via circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleotides, non-coding RNAs, secretory proteins, and metabolites found in fluids like blood and cerebrospinal fluid, which could enhance early detection and treatment of BrM when combined with imaging techniques.

Article Abstract

Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major problem associated with cancer-related mortality, and currently, no specific biomarkers are available in clinical settings for early detection. Liquid biopsy is widely accepted as a non-invasive method for diagnosing cancer and other diseases. We have reviewed the evidence that shows how the molecular alterations are involved in BrM, majorly from breast cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC), and melanoma, with an inception in how they can be employed for biomarker development. We discussed genetic and epigenetic changes that influence cancer cells to breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and help to establish metastatic lesions in the uniquely distinct brain microenvironment. Keeping abreast with the recent breakthroughs in the context of various biomolecules detections and identifications, the circulating tumor cells (CTC), cell-free nucleotides, non-coding RNAs, secretory proteins, and metabolites can be pursued in human body fluids such as blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine to obtain potential candidates for biomarker development. The liquid biopsy-based biomarkers can overlay with current imaging techniques to amplify the signal viable for improving the early detection and treatments of occult BrM.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9088117PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12943-022-01577-xDOI Listing

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