Imaging, quantitation and kinetic modelling of intravitreal nanomaterials.

In this study, the intravitreal pharmacokinetics of nanomaterials were investigated in vivo in rats and rabbits. Impact of particle size and shape (spherical, longitudinal) on ocular particle distribution and elimination was investigated with fundus camera, optical coherence tomography and ocular fluorophotometry. Differently sized particles showed prolonged ocular retention and remarkable differences in vitreal elimination, but size dependence was consistent, suggesting that other features have influence on their vitreal kinetics. We also demonstrate that liposomes are eliminated from the rabbit vitreous mainly via the anterior route. Simulation of drug concentrations after injection of intravitreal particles shows the importance of synchronized particle retention and drug release rate for efficient drug delivery. In conclusion, we provide kinetic insights in intravitreally administered nanoparticles to improve retinal drug delivery.