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Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in MS patients on disease modifying therapies during the Delta and the Omicron waves in Italy. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study monitored breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in multiple sclerosis patients receiving different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), focusing on the impact of mRNA vaccinations over nearly 10 months.
  • - Out of 1855 patients, 131 breakthrough infections were observed, primarily attributed to lower antibody levels, particularly during the Omicron wave where reduced vaccine effectiveness was noted.
  • - Administration of a third vaccine dose significantly decreased the risk of infection during the Omicron wave, emphasizing that humoral immune response is crucial for protection against COVID-19 in this population.

Article Abstract

Background: In this study we aimed to monitor the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with MS (pwMS) under different DMTs and to identify correlates of reduced protection.

Methods: This is a prospective Italian multicenter cohort study, long-term clinical follow-up of the CovaXiMS (Covid-19 vaccine in Multiple Sclerosis) study. 1855 pwMS scheduled for SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination were enrolled and followed up to a mean time of 10 months. The cumulative incidence of breakthrough Covid-19 cases in pwMS was calculated before and after December 2021, to separate the Delta from the Omicron waves and to account for the advent of the third vaccine dose.

Findings: 1705 pwMS received 2 m-RNA vaccine doses, 21/28 days apart. Of them, 1508 (88.5%) had blood assessment 4 weeks after the second vaccine dose and 1154/1266 (92%) received the third dose after a mean interval of 210 days (range 90-342 days) after the second dose. During follow-up, 131 breakthrough Covid-19 infections (33 during the Delta and 98 during the Omicron wave) were observed. The probability to be infected during the Delta wave was associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels measured after 4 weeks from the second vaccine dose (HR=0.57, p < 0.001); the protective role of antibodies was preserved over the whole follow up (HR=0.57, 95%CI=0.43-0.75, p < 0.001), with a significant reduction (HR=1.40, 95%CI=1.01-1.94, p=0.04) for the Omicron cases. The third dose significantly reduced the risk of infection (HR=0.44, 95%CI=0.21-0.90,p=0.025) during the Omicron wave.

Interpretation: The risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections is mainly associated with reduced levels of the virus-specific humoral immune response.

Funding: Supported by FISM - Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla - cod. 2021/Special-Multi/001 and financed or co-financed with the '5 per mille' public funding.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9069178PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104042DOI Listing

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