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Longitudinal trajectory of response to electroconvulsive therapy associated with transient immune response & white matter alteration post-stimulation. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Researchers studied how electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) affects the brain and inflammation in people with severe depression who didn't respond to other treatments.
  • They looked at patients' blood for specific chemicals (called cytokines) and used special brain scans to see changes in brain structure before and after ECT.
  • The study found that higher levels of one chemical (IL-8) were linked to positive changes in brain structure in those who responded well to ECT.

Article Abstract

Research suggests electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces an acute neuroinflammatory response and changes in white matter (WM) structural connectivity. However, whether these processes are related, either to each other or to eventual treatment outcomes, has yet to be determined. We examined the relationship between levels of peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines and diffusion imaging-indexed changes in WM microstructure in individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) who underwent ECT. Forty-two patients were assessed at baseline, after their second ECT (T2), and after completion of ECT (T3). A Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale improvement of >50% post-ECT defined ECT-responders (n = 19) from non-responders (n = 23). Thirty-four controls were also examined. Tissue-specific fractional anisotropy (FAt) was estimated using diffusion imaging data and the Free-Water method in 17 WM tracts. Inflammatory panels were evaluated from peripheral blood. Cytokines were examined to characterize the association between potential ECT-induced changes in an inflammatory state and WM microstructure. Longitudinal trajectories of both measures were also examined separately for ECT-responders and non-responders. Patients exhibited elevated Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels at baseline compared to controls. In patients, correlations between IL-8 and FAt changes from baseline to T2 were significant in the positive direction in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (R-SLF) and right cingulum (R-CB) (p = 0.003). In these tracts, linear mixed-effects models revealed that trajectories of IL-8 and FAt were significantly positively correlated across all time points in responders, but not non-responders (R-CB-p = .001; R-SLF-p = 0.008). Our results suggest that response to ECT in TRD may be mediated by IL-8 and WM microstructure.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9076613PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01960-8DOI Listing

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