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Encapsulated actomyosin patterns drive cell-like membrane shape changes. | LitMetric

Encapsulated actomyosin patterns drive cell-like membrane shape changes.

iScience

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Published: May 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • Cell shape changes during processes like locomotion and cytokinesis are largely controlled by the remodeling of actin patterns driven by myosin, with various proteins influencing the architecture of the actin network.* -
  • Researchers studied actomyosin networks within cell-sized lipid bilayer vesicles, finding that the size of the vesicle and concentrations of proteins like α-actinin and fascin affected the formation of different patterns, such as ring and aster configurations.* -
  • The study demonstrated that while anchoring actin to the membrane doesn’t alter its architecture, it can create forces that deform the membrane, particularly when forming a contractile ring, leading to a unified model for shape changes driven by a contractile cortex.*

Article Abstract

Cell shape changes from locomotion to cytokinesis are, to a large extent, driven by myosin-driven remodeling of cortical actin patterns. Passive crosslinkers such as α-actinin and fascin as well as actin nucleator Arp2/3 complex largely determine actin network architecture and, consequently, membrane shape changes. Here we reconstitute actomyosin networks inside cell-sized lipid bilayer vesicles and show that depending on vesicle size and concentrations of α-actinin and fascin actomyosin networks assemble into ring and aster-like patterns. Anchoring actin to the membrane does not change actin network architecture yet exerts forces and deforms the membrane when assembled in the form of a contractile ring. In the presence of α-actinin and fascin, an Arp2/3 complex-mediated actomyosin cortex is shown to assemble a ring-like pattern at the equatorial cortex followed by myosin-driven clustering and consequently blebbing. An active gel theory unifies a model for the observed membrane shape changes induced by the contractile cortex.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9061794PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104236DOI Listing

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