Background: There is growing interest in using evidence generated from clinical practice data to support regulatory, coverage and other healthcare decision-making. A graphical framework for depicting longitudinal study designs to mitigate this barrier was introduced and has found wide acceptance. We sought to enhance the framework to contain information that helps readers assess the appropriateness of the source data in which the study design was applied.
Methods: For the enhanced graphical framework, we added a simple visualization of data type and observability to capture differences between electronic health record (EHR) and other registry data that may have limited data continuity and insurance claims data that have enrollment files.
Results: We illustrate the revised graphical framework with 2 example studies conducted using different data sources, including administrative claims only, EHR only, linked claims and EHR, as well as specialty community based EHRs with and without external linkages.
Conclusion: The enhanced visualization framework is important because evaluation of study validity needs to consider the triad of study question, design, and data together. Any given data source or study design may be appropriate for some questions but not others.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9063805 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S358583 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
ON-OFF nanopores for optical control of transmembrane ionic communication.
Nat Nanotechnol
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nanoscale photoswitchable proteins could facilitate precise spatiotemporal control of transmembrane communication and support studies in synthetic biology, neuroscience and bioelectronics. Here, through covalent modification of the α-haemolysin protein pore with arylazopyrazole photoswitches, we produced 'photopores' that transition between iontronic resistor and diode modes in response to irradiation at orthogonal wavelengths. In the diode mode, a low-leak OFF-state nanopore exhibits a reversible increase in unitary conductance of more than 20-fold upon irradiation at 365 nm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAI-based hybrid power quality control system for electrical railway using single phase PV-UPQC with Lyapunov optimization.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
This research paper presents an advanced AI-driven hybrid power quality management system for electrical railways that addresses critical challenges in 25 kV AC traction networks through a novel integration of single-phase PV-UPQC with ANN-Lyapunov control architecture. The system effectively manages voltage unbalance exceeding 2%, high THD, voltage variations of ± 10%, and poor power factor through a dual-approach methodology combining ANN-based reference signal generation with Lyapunov optimization, enabling dynamic parameter tuning and real-time load adaptation. MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate the system's superior performance, demonstrating significant improvements, including voltage unbalance reduction from 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteyskiy, 56, Kyiv-57, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
In this paper, a comprehensive energy management framework for microgrids that incorporates price-based demand response programs (DRPs) and leverages an advanced optimization method-Greedy Rat Swarm Optimizer (GRSO) is proposed. The primary objective is to minimize the generation cost and environmental impact of microgrid systems by effectively scheduling distributed energy resources (DERs), including renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar and wind, alongside fossil-fuel-based generators. Four distinct demand response models-exponential, hyperbolic, logarithmic, and critical peak pricing (CPP)-are developed, each reflecting a different price elasticity of demand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSymptom-related experience and sexual health of female patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: protocol for a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis.
BMJ Open
January 2025
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex condition affecting quality of life, characterised by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries leading to heart strain. PAH's impact extends beyond physical symptoms, influencing emotional and social well-being, particularly in women where it affects sexual health and pregnancy outcomes. Despite medical advancements, the disease's full impact on women's lives is under-researched, especially regarding sexual experiences and health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficient pressure regulation in nonlinear shell-and-tube steam condensers via a Novel TDn(1 + PIDn) controller and DCSA algorithm.
Sci Rep
January 2025
ENET Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 708 00, Czech Republic.
Steam condensers are vital components of thermal power plants, responsible for converting turbine exhaust steam back into water for reuse in the power generation cycle. Effective pressure regulation is crucial to ensure operational efficiency and equipment safety. However, conventional control strategies, such as PI, PI-PDn and FOPID controllers, often struggle to manage the nonlinearities and disturbances inherent in steam condenser systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!