UV-protection from chitosan derivatized lignin multilayer thin film.

Lignin is one of the most abundant renewable materials on the earth. Despite possessing useful antioxidant and UV absorbing properties, its effective utilization in technology has been hampered by its relative insolubility and difficulty to process. In this work, a simple chemical derivatization process is utilized which yields water-soluble lignin possessing anionic carboxylate groups. These carboxylate groups give lignin polyanionic behavior and enable its utilization in the growth of a functional film layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly with biologically sourced chitosan. The growth mechanism of this film is hypothesized to be a result of both hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions. The film demonstrates excellent UV-absorptive capability. A 100 nm thick chitosan/lignin coating was applied to a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film and shown to reduce its degradation sixfold over the course of a 1 hour exposure to harsh UV light. This is the first demonstration of lignin being utilized in a fully biologically derived LbL film. Utilization of lignin in LbL assembly is an important step in the development of renewable nanotechnology.