AI Article Synopsis
- ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting individuals of all ages, linked to functional impairments and poorer outcomes.
- Medications for ADHD include stimulants (like methylphenidate and amphetamine) and non-stimulants (like atomoxetine and guanfacine), all of which effectively manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
- The chapter reviews how these medications work, their effectiveness, side effects, and factors influencing treatment decisions, while calling for further research to better understand their mechanisms and impacts on comorbid conditions.
Article Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition associated with impaired function and increased risk of poor outcomes in children, young people and adults with the condition. Currently approved pharmacological treatments for ADHD include a range of stimulant (methylphenidate, amphetamine) and nonstimulant (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine) medications. All have been shown to be effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD and improving other functional outcomes including quality of life, academic performance, rates of accidents and injuries, and do not appear to be associated with significant adverse outcomes or side effects. In this chapter, we review medications for ADHD by summarising the mechanisms of action of each of the two main classes of compounds (stimulants and nonstimulants), the formulations of the most commonly prescribed medications within each class, their efficacy in treating ADHD symptoms and other outcomes, and other factors that influence treatment decisions including side effects and tolerability, comorbidities and medical history. We conclude with a summary of the treatment decisions made by clinicians and suggest some next steps for research. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action of these medications and how exactly they improve symptoms, and to examine their effects on commonly occurring comorbidities.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2022_330 | DOI Listing |
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