Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by , is a severe disease worldwide on apple, causing defoliation, leaf and fruit spot, and substantial yield loss. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Previous transcriptome analysis revealed that a transcription factor, CfMcm1, was induced during leaf infection. In the present work, expression pattern analysis verified that the gene was strongly expressed in conidia and early infection. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the gene deletion mutant Δ lost pathogenicity to apple leaves by inhibiting conidial germination and appressorium formation. In addition to appressorium-mediated pathogenicity, Δ colonization and hyphal extension in wounded apple fruit was also reduced, and conidial germination mode and conidial color were altered. Δ displayed impairment of cell wall integrity and response to stress caused by oxidation, osmosis, and an acid environment. Furthermore, the deletion mutant produced fewer and smaller perithecia and no ascospores. In contrast, melanin deposition in mycelia of Δ was strengthened. Further comparative transcriptome and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that CfMcm1 modulated expression of genes related to conidial development (, , , and ), appressorium formation ( and ), pectin degradation ( and ), sexual development (, , , and ), and melanin biosynthesis (, , , , and ). Our results demonstrated that CfMcm1 is a pivotal regulator possessing multiple functions in pathogenicity, asexual and sexual reproduction, and melanin biosynthesis.
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