Bottom slag-to-flue gas controls on S and Cl from co-combustion of textile dyeing sludge and waste biochar: Their interactions with temperature, atmosphere, and blend ratio.

S and Cl distribution patterns and their evolution pathways were quantified during the co-combustions of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and waste biochar (BC). S in the flue gas rose from 10.60% at 700 °C to 45.09% at 1000 °C for the mono-combustion of TDS in the air atmosphere. At 1000 °C, S in the bottom slag and flue gas grew by 2.65% and fell by 2.11%, respectively, for the TDS mono-combustion in the 30%O/70%CO atmosphere. The 40% BC addition increased the S retention in the bottom slag by 30.39% and decreased its release to the flue gas by 34.50% by changing the evolution of CaSO and enabling more K to fix S as KSO. The decomposition of inorganic Cl was the main source of the Cl-containing gases. The 20%O/80%CO atmosphere (36.29%) and 40% BC addition (27.26%) had higher Cl in the bottom slag than did TDS mono-combusted at 1000 °C (25.60%) by inhibiting the decomposition of organic Cl. Our study provides insights into the co-combustion of TDS and BC and controls on S and Cl for a cleaner production. Future research remains to conducted to verify scale-up experiments.