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General and Specific Dimensions of Mood Symptoms Are Associated With Impairments in Common Executive Function in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Both unipolar and bipolar depression are linked to difficulties in executive functioning (EF), especially during adolescence and young adulthood when mood disorders are more likely to develop.
  • - This study explored how general and specific mood symptoms, like anhedonia and physiological arousal, relate to common EF impairments using structural equation modeling with a sample of 495 adolescents and young adults.
  • - Findings revealed that a general depression factor negatively predicted common EF, and physiological arousal was specifically associated with lower EF, while anhedonia and mania did not show a significant relationship.

Article Abstract

Both unipolar and bipolar depression have been linked with impairments in executive functioning (EF). In particular, mood symptom severity is associated with differences in common EF, a latent measure of general EF abilities. The relationship between mood disorders and EF is particularly salient in adolescence and young adulthood when the ongoing development of EF intersects with a higher risk of mood disorder onset. However, it remains unclear if common EF impairments have associations with specific symptom dimensions of mood pathology such as blunted positive affect, mood instability, or physiological arousal, or if differences in common EF more broadly relate to what is shared across various symptom domains, such as general negative affect or distress. To address this question, bifactor models can be applied to simultaneously examine the shared and unique contributions of particular mood symptom dimensions. However, no studies to our knowledge have examined bifactor models of mood symptoms in relation to measures of common EF. This study examined associations between common EF and general vs. specific symptom dimensions (anhedonia, physiological arousal, and mania) using structural equation modeling in adolescents and young adults with varying severity of mood symptoms ( = 495, ages = 13-25 years, 68.69% female). A General Depression factor capturing shared variance across symptoms statistically predicted lower Common EF. Additionally, a factor specific to physiological arousal was associated with lower Common EF. Anhedonia-specific and Mania-specific factors were not significantly related to Common EF. Altogether, these results indicate that deficits in common EF are driven by, or reflect, general features of mood pathology that are shared across symptom dimensions but are also specifically associated with physiological arousal.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9048678PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.838645DOI Listing

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