Metabolic microbiome interaction with the human host has been linked to human physiology and disease development. The elucidation of this interspecies metabolite exchange will lead to identification of beneficial metabolites and disease modulators. Their discovery and quantitative analysis requires the development of specific tools and analysis of specific compound classes. Sulfated metabolites are considered a readout for the co-metabolism of the microbiome and their host. This compound class is part of the human phase II clearance process of xenobiotics and is the main focus in drug or doping metabolism and also includes dietary components and microbiome-derived compounds. Here, we report the targeted analysis of sulfated metabolites in plasma and urine samples in the same individuals to identify the core sulfatome and similarities between these two sample types. This analysis of 27 individuals led to the identification of the core sulfatome of 41 metabolites in plasma and urine samples as well as an age effect for 15 metabolites in both sample types.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra05994g | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
Gastroenterolgy, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, PAK.
Background Heart failure (HF) is commonly managed by addressing water and sodium (Na) balance, with arterial circulation playing a major role in influencing renal Na and water excretion. Recently, chloride (Cl) has been recognized as an important factor in HF, associated with volume regulation and its modulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity through macula densa signaling, which impacts Na retention and neurohormonal activation. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can enhance decongestion in HF by increasing urinary Na and Cl excretion when added to loop diuretics, a mechanism supported by prior studies demonstrating improved urine output and decongestion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid Commun Mass Spectrom
April 2025
Camel Forensic Laboratory, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Rationale: LGD-4033, a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), is recognized for promoting muscle growth and enhancing athletic performance. Its potent anabolic effects have led to its prohibition in both human and animal sports. Although initial in vitro studies have offered insights into its metabolism, an in-depth in vivo analysis is necessary to fully understand its metabolic pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn
January 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, West China school of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
Alogliptin is a highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and primarily excreted as unchanged drug in the urine, and differences in clinical outcomes in renal impairment patients increase the risk of serious adverse reactions. In this study, we developed a comprehensive physiologically-based quantitative systematic pharmacology model of the alogliptin-glucose control system to predict plasma exposure and use glucose as a clinical endpoint to prospectively understand its therapeutic outcomes with varying renal function. Our model incorporates a PBPK model for alogliptin, DPP-4 activity described by receptor occupancy theory, and the crosstalk and feedback loops for GLP-1-GIP-glucagon, insulin, and glucose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Chromatogr
February 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Longboard Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a part of Lundbeck as a wholly owned subsidiary of Lundbeck LLC, La Jolla, California, USA.
Bexicaserin is a highly selective agonist at the 5-HT receptor in clinical development for the treatment of seizures associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). We report an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative estimation of bexicaserin in human plasma and urine. The sample preparation involves the extraction of bexicaserin and internal standard (CD-bexicaserin; IS) from 150 μL plasma and 50 μL urine using a solid phase extraction method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Nephrol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Background: We have previously studied biomarkers of tubular health (EGF), injury (KIM-1), dysfunction (alpha-1 microglobulin), and inflammation (TNFR-1, TNFR-2, MCP-1, YKL-40, suPAR), and demonstrated that plasma KIM-1, TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and urine KIM-1, EGF, MCP-1, urine alpha-1 microglobulin are each independently associated with CKD progression in children. In this study, we used bootstrapped survival trees to identify a combination of biomarkers to predict CKD progression in children.
Methods: The CKiD Cohort Study prospectively enrolled children 6 months to 16 years old with an eGFR of 30-90 ml/min/1.
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