Forest Transitions in the United States, France and Austria: dynamics of forest change and their socio- metabolic drivers.

J Land Use Sci

Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Austria.

Published: January 2022

Understanding the drivers of forest transitions is relevant to inform effective forest conservation. We investigate pathways of forest transitions in the United States (1920-2010), France (1850-2010), and Austria (1830-2010). By combining evidence from forest inventories with the forest model CRAFT, we first quantify how change in forest area (), maximum biomass density ( ), and actual biomass as fraction of maximum biomass ( ) shaped forest dynamics. Second, to investigate the connections between forest change and societal resource use, or social metabolism, we quantify the importance of selected proximate and underlying socio-metabolic drivers. We find that agricultural intensification and reduced forest grazing correlated most with positive . By contrast, change in biomass imports or harvest did not explain forest change. Our findings highlight the importance of forest growth conditions in explaining long-term forest dynamics, and demonstrate the distinct ways in which resource use drove forest change.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9038175PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2021.2018514DOI Listing

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