Objective: This study aimed to investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) variants that contribute to the development of HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma (HPV-OPC) in the Japanese population and to evaluate genetic variations in the sequence encoding the L1 antigen region of the viral outer shell that is targeted by existing vaccines and is relevant for designing a prevention strategy to combat the exponential increase in HPV-OPC cases in Japan.
Methods: Seventy Japanese HPV-OPC patients treated at Tohoku University Hospital were included in the study. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Polymerase chain reaction and direct nucleotide sequencing were performed to determine the nucleotide polymorphisms necessary for the classification of HPV16 variants and to assess genetic diversity in the HPV16 L1 antigen region, including the BC, DE, EF, FG, and HI loops.
Results: The most common variant of HPV16 was the A4 sublineage (88.6%), conventionally called the Asian type, followed by the A1/2/3 (10.0%) sublineage, classified as the European type. The only nonsynonymous substitution detected in the L1 antigen loop region was p.N181T in the EF loop, which was found in 28/70 (40%) cases. In contrast, no nonsynonymous substitutions were observed in the DE, FG, and HI loops, which are particularly important regions in the antigen loop targeted by existing HPV vaccines.
Conclusion: The most common HPV16 variant in Japanese HPV-OPC patients was the A4 subtype. The L1 antigen region is highly conserved, suggesting sufficient efficacy of existing HPV vaccines. These findings provide important information that will aid in the design of an HPV16 infection control strategy using existing HPV vaccines to prevent the spread of HPV-OPC in Japan.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2022.04.006 | DOI Listing |
NPJ Vaccines
January 2025
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Dysentery caused by Shigella species remains a major health threat to children in low- and middle-income countries. There is no vaccine available. The most advanced candidates, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
The root of asthma can be linked to early life, with prenatal environments influencing risk. We investigate the effects of maternal asthma on the offspring's lungs during fetal and adult life. Adult offspring of asthmatic mothers show an increase in lung group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) number and function with allergen-induced lung inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Microbe
January 2025
Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
Background: R21 is a novel malaria vaccine, composed of a fusion protein of the malaria circumsporozoite protein and hepatitis B surface antigen. Following favourable safety and immunogenicity in a phase 1 study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of R21 administered with Matrix-M (R21/MM) against clinical malaria in adults from the UK who were malaria naive in a controlled human malaria infection study.
Methods: In this open-label, partially blinded, phase 1-2A controlled human malaria infection study undertaken in Oxford, Southampton, and London, UK, we tested five novel vaccination regimens of R21/MM.
PLoS Pathog
January 2025
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France.
Placental malaria is characterized by the massive accumulation and sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the placental intervillous blood spaces, causing severe birth outcomes. The variant surface antigen VAR2CSA is associated with Plasmodium falciparum sequestration in the placenta via its capacity to adhere to chondroitin sulfate A. We have previously shown that the extracellular region of VAR2CSA is phosphorylated on several residues and that the phosphorylation enhances the adhesive properties of CSA-binding infected erythrocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver Int
February 2025
Liver Disease Research Branch, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Background And Aims: Short courses of intravenous (iv) methylprednisolone (MP) can cause drug induced liver injury (DILI). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical features and HLA associations of MP-related DILI enrolled in the US DILI Network (DILIN).
Methods: DILIN cases with MP as a suspected drug were reviewed.
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