is the etiological agent of Plum Leaf Scald (Greco et al. 2021). The disease was first reported in Argentina (Fernandez-Valiela et al. 1954) and then Brazil and Paraguay (French et al. 1978). In the USA, Plum Leaf Scald has been reported in the Southeastern United States (Wells et al. 1981a) and California (Hernandez-Martinez et al. 2009). In August 2021, during the Stone Fruit Survey of FY2020, plum trees (Mexican variety, ) with symptoms of leaf scald, were observed in a Central Texas orchard with approximately 7% of trees exhibiting symptoms. Leaf margins were asymmetrically scorched, with necrotic areas that transitioned into chlorotic and healthy green tissues. To detect the presence of the pathogen, leaf sample petioles were tested using a double-antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA® with specific antiserum (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) according to manufacturer's guidelines. was detected in 20 of the 35 symptomatic samples. To confirm ELISA results, total DNA was extracted from the plant samples using the Plant DNeasy® kit (Qiagen Co. Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer's protocol. All 20 ELISA-positive samples tested positive in a -specific real time PCR assay, using the primers XF1F and XF1R and probe XF1p (Schaad et al. 2002). Moreover, the ELISA-negative samples were also negative for PCR assay. Symptomatic samples were used to isolate the pathogen. Samples were debarked, surface-sterilized and xylem fluid collected. The fluid was gently imprinted on buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) (Wells et al. 1981b) or periwinkle wilt modified (PWM) agar plates (Summer et al. 2010). After 10 days of incubation, individual colonies were observed. The colonies were slightly convex, white, opalescent, mucoid, circular with entire margins and with smooth surfaces on both media plates. Isolated colonies were triple-streak single colony purified and archived. Genomic DNA was extracted from four purified isolates using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Qiagen® Kit, to conduct conventional PCR using HL5/HL6 (Francis et al. 2006), which identified the isolates as . Using the 16S rRNA primer pair U3/U4 (James 2010), amplicons were sequenced and compared against the NCBI database using the BLASTn algorithm. Comparative sequence analysis of amplicons from the four isolates were identical and indicated that the isolates were 100% identical to subsp. RIV5 (CP064326.1) from cherry plum, and IVIA5901 (CP047134.1) from almond. The sequences of all four isolates were deposited into NCBI GenBank, with the accession numbers OM617940 (467), OM617941 (470), OM617942 (471) and OM617943 (468). To our knowledge, this is the first report of associated with plum leaf scald in Texas, extending the geographical range of this important bacterial disease, in the Southern United States. This study highlights the importance of routine scouting of agricultural settings with a view to assessing and detecting early threats from either pests or disease and implementing relevant management strategies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-22-0561-PDN | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
November 2024
Department of Plant Science (Plant Breeding), Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Holetta, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Globally, the fungal pathogens and f produce foliar diseases that significantly reduce barley yield. These diseases are known as leaf scald and net form net blotch, respectively. One hundred food barley genotypes in reaction to the diseases were assessed in Ethiopia's natural environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Genome
December 2024
Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Mol Plant Pathol
September 2024
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Xanthomonas albilineans (Xal) is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for developing sugarcane leaf scald disease, which engenders significant economic losses within the sugarcane industry. In the current study, homologous recombination exchange was carried out to induce mutations within the virB/D4-like type IV secretion system (T4SS) genes of Xal. The results revealed that the virB11-deletion mutant (ΔvirB11) exhibited a loss in swimming and twitching motility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytopathology
January 2025
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China.
spp. are plant pathogens known for significantly impacting crop yields. Among them, () is notable for colonizing the xylem and causing sugarcane leaf scald disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
July 2024
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
Leaf scald, caused by Xanthomonas albilineans, is a severe disease affecting sugarcane worldwide. One of the most practical ways to control it is by developing resistant sugarcane cultivars. It is essential to identify genes associated with the response to leaf scald.
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