The development of an efficient and stable hole extraction layer (HEL) is crucial for commercializing organic solar cells (OSCs). Although a few candidates have been widely utilized as HELs for OSCs, the most appropriate material has been lacking. A few articles have recently reported graphene oxide (GO) as a well-working HEL that offers comparable performance to conventional HELs. However, a systematic study providing comprehensive insight into the GO-based OSC behavior is lacking. This article discusses broad topics, including the material properties, device efficiency, shelf lifetime, and impedance properties. We found that GO offers excellent properties, which are identical to those of conventional HELs, while the shelf lifetime shows a significant 6-fold increase. Furthermore, we discuss the significantly reduced space-charge limited region of an aged GO-based OSC compared with a PEDOT:PSS-based device, which is revealed to be a reason for the different shelf lifetime. We believe that the results will accelerate the development of GO as an HEL for OSCs and other optoelectronic devices.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02452c | DOI Listing |
Food Chem X
December 2024
College of Packaging and Printing Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China.
A time-temperature integrator (TTI) based on laccase@Cu(PO4) nanoflowers (laccase@NFs) was created to monitor the freshness of pasteurized milk during storage. To address the challenges of easy inactivation, poor stability, and high use-cost of laccase in the application of TTI, laccase@NFs were synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted biomineralization. The laccase@NFs-based TTI was created through the enzymatic reaction between laccase and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt), and the effects of laccase@NFs addition amount on the reaction rate, discoloration lifetime and activation energy (Ea) were discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
Although high-performance quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been achieved, their stability is still limited due to the use of unstable PEDOT:PSS as the hole injection layer (HIL). Here, we developed a PEDOT:PSS-free QLED by using a binary PTAA:F4-TCNQ HIL. Because the PTAA, with a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of ∼5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2024
Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan.
We refresh the design of zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) by introducing metamaterials that makes the zeroth order resonant mode existence. Of particular importance, the resulting electromagnetic field exhibits nearly constant distribution but not a trivial solution of Maxwell's equation, showing great advantage to equalize the excitation rate of molecules throughout the waveguides. A closed form expression for the wave impedance is derived which is verified by the finite-difference time-domain simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Res Food Sci
June 2024
Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Electrospun nonwovens of biopolymers are gaining popularity in filtration, coatings, encapsulation, and packaging materials. However, their applications are hindered by limited stability, particularly when loaded with lipids. This research aimed to apply a multiscale approach to gain insights into deteriorative processes, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsects
June 2024
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO/OEPP), 21 boulevard Richard Lenoir, 75011 Paris, France.
Long-term storage is an important component of insect mass-rearing systems, prolonging the shelf life of biocontrol agents during a low-demand period or a temporary lack of suitable food. is a predatory heteropteran, mass-reared and widely used for the biological control of arthropod pests in greenhouses. With the aim to determine the optimal conditions and acceptable duration of cold storage, we evaluated the impact of different periods of storage of fed and starved third instar nymphs of at different temperatures on nymphal survival, adult emergence, and female fecundity.
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