Functionalization of Tubulin: Approaches to Modify Tubulin with Biotin and DNA.

The filamentous cytoskeletal protein microtubule, a polymer of α and β heterodimers of tubulin, plays major roles in intracellular transport as well as in vitro molecular actuation and transportation. Functionalization of tubulin dimers through covalent linkage facilitates utilization of microtubule in the nanobioengineering. Here we present a detailed description of the methodologies used to modify tubulin dimers with DNA strand and biotin through covalent interaction.