We report a case of a 53-year-old man with superior vena cava( SVC) syndrome due to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) in the mediastinum. His chief complaint was general fatigue. On physical examination, both jugular veins were distended and his face and bilateral upper limbs were swollen. Enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a heterogenous tumor of approximately 50 mm in diameter in the middle mediastinum, which infiltrated into the SVC and right atrium, and caused SVC syndrome. Since SVC syndrome developed rapidly, the tumor was resected and the occluded SVC was replaced with a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft under cardiopulmonary bypass. After surgery, SVC obstruction was resolved with improvement of the initial symptoms. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged from our hospital. The tumor was diagnosed as LCNEC histologically. He received postoperative adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Unfortunately, he died of extensive brain and bone metastasis 10 months after the operation. However, we believe that surgical relief from SVC syndrome improved quality of the rest of his life.
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