COVID-19 and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) coinfection is associated with increased mortality and presents a unique diagnostic challenge to the clinician. We describe three cases of newly diagnosed PTB in COVID-19 patients treated at our centre and their clinical and radiological features. The challenges associated with diagnosis and management are also explored. Patient 1 was a case of smear positive, endobronchial tuberculosis incidentally diagnosed due to CT changes, and eventually made good recovery. Patient 2 was a case of COVID-19 who succumbed but was diagnosed posthumously due to a positive sputum culture for tuberculosis. Patient 3 showed radiographic features of PTB and was treated empirically for TB. In conclusion, COVID-19 and PTB coinfection should be suspected in the presence of constitutional symptoms, prior immunocompromised states, prolonged respiratory symptoms or fever, or unresolved radiological abnormalities, more so in regions where TB is endemic.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101653 | DOI Listing |
NEJM AI
October 2024
Google, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Background: Using artificial intelligence (AI) to interpret chest X-rays (CXRs) could support accessible triage tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in resource-constrained settings.
Methods: The performance of two cloud-based CXR AI systems - one to detect TB and the other to detect CXR abnormalities - in a population with a high TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden was evaluated. We recruited 1978 adults who had TB symptoms, were close contacts of known TB patients, or were newly diagnosed with HIV at three clinical sites.
Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
February 2025
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a congenital vascular pathology, which is caused by the presence of a direct connection between the branches of the artery and the veins of the lungs, and the discharge of unoxygenated blood into the arterial bed. Arteriovenous malformations are characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations and, in some cases, may be accompanied with severe circulatory disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Information Technology Section, Changshu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, Jiangsu, China.
Objective: This study aimed to enhance the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and provide more effective and accurate methods in Changshu City.
Methods: The PTB patients' information came from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). The demographic data for Changshu city and towns came from the Suzhou Statistical Yearbook and the LandScan platform.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
January 2025
Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
A major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics is that antibiotic exposure leads to changes in the physiology of (), which may enable the pathogen to withstand treatment. While antibiotic-treated has been evaluated in experiments it is unclear if and how long-term treatment with diverse antibiotics with varying treatment-shortening activity (sterilizing activity) affects physiologic processes differently. Here, we used SEARCH-TB, a pathogen-targeted RNA-sequencing platform, to characterize the transcriptome in the BALB/c high-dose aerosol infection mouse model following 4 weeks of treatment with three sterilizing and three non-sterilizing antibiotics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Agents Chemother
January 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, Texas, USA.
The impact of heteroresistance on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is unclear, as is the role of different rifampin and isoniazid exposures on developing resistance mutations. Hollow fiber system model of TB (HFS-TB) units were inoculated with drug-susceptible () and treated with isoniazid and rifampin exposure identified in a clinical trial as leading to treatment failure and acquired drug resistance. Systems were sampled for drug concentration measurements, estimation of total and drug-resistant , and small molecule overlapping reads (SMOR) analysis for the detection of heteroresistance.
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