People with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have specific problems making decisions, whereas their other cognitive functions are spared. Neurophysiological studies have shown that OFC neurons fire in proportion to the value of anticipated outcomes. Thus, a central role of the OFC is to guide optimal decision-making by signalling values associated with different choices. Until recently, this view of OFC function dominated the field. New data, however, suggest that the OFC may have a much broader role in cognition by representing cognitive maps that can be used to guide behaviour and that value is just one of many variables that are important for behavioural control. In this Review, we critically evaluate these two alternative accounts of OFC function and examine how they might be reconciled.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511019 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-022-00589-2 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Effects of noise and metabolic cost on cortical task representations.
Elife
January 2025
Computational and Biological Learning Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Cognitive flexibility requires both the encoding of task-relevant and the ignoring of task-irrelevant stimuli. While the neural coding of task-relevant stimuli is increasingly well understood, the mechanisms for ignoring task-irrelevant stimuli remain poorly understood. Here, we study how task performance and biological constraints jointly determine the coding of relevant and irrelevant stimuli in neural circuits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of (PDZ-RhoGEF) as an in vivo regulator of synapses and cognition.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
Given the influence of cognitive abilities on life outcomes, there is inherent value in identifying genes involved in controlling learning and memory. Further, cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we use a combinatory in silico approach to identify human gene targets that will have an especially high likelihood of individually and directly impacting cognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvidence-Based Umbrella Review of Non-Invasive Neuromodulation in Chronic Neuropathic Pain.
Eur J Pain
February 2025
Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
Background And Objective: Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques (NIN), such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), have been extensively researched for their potential to alleviate pain by reversing neuroplastic changes associated with neuropathic pain (NP), a prevalent and complex condition. However, treating NP remains challenging due to the numerous variables involved, such as different techniques, dosages and aetiologies. It is necessary to provide insights for clinicians and public healthcare managers to support clinical decision-making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReward Decision Network Disconnection in Poststroke Apathy: A Prospective Multimodality Imaging Study.
Hum Brain Mapp
February 2025
Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Apathy is a common neuropsychiatric symptom following stroke, characterized by reduced goal-directed behavior. The reward decision network (RDN), which plays a crucial role in regulating goal-directed behaviors, is closely associated with apathy. However, the relationship between poststroke apathy (PSA) and RDN dysfunction remains unclear due to apathy heterogeneity, the confounding effect of depression and individual variability in lesion impacts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRestraint stress effects on glutamate signaling protein levels in the rats' frontal cortex: Does β1 adrenoceptor activity matter?
Front Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Introduction: Stress-evoked dysfunctions of the frontal cortex (FC) are correlated with changes in the functioning of the glutamatergic system, and evidence demonstrates that noradrenergic transmission is an important regulator of this process. In the current study, we adopted a restraint stress (RS) model in male Wistar rats to investigate whether the blockade of β1 adrenergic receptors (β1AR) with betaxolol (BET) in stressed animals influences the body's stress response and the expression of selected signaling proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).
Methods: The study was divided into two parts.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!