Evaluation of the Clinical Effectiveness of Oseltamivir for Influenza Treatment in Children.

To estimate the clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir in children with different subtypes of influenza virus infection. A total of 998 children with acute respiratory infection were enrolled from January to March 2018, and were divided into influenza A, influenza B, influenza A + B, and non-influenza infection (IV-negative) groups. Influenza-like symptoms and duration of fever were evaluated and compared between oseltamivir-treated and non-treated groups. There were no significant differences in the reduction in total febrile period and duration of fever from the onset of therapy between the oseltamivir treated and non-treated children infected with influenza A ( = 0.6885 for total febrile period and 0.7904 for the duration of fever from the onset of treatment), influenza B ( = 0.1462 and 0.1966), influenza A + B ( = 0.5568 and 0.9320), and IV-negative ( = 0.7631 and 0.4655). The duration of fever in children received oseltamivir therapy within 48 h was not significantly shorter than that beyond 48 h ( > 0.05). Additionally, percentages and severities of influenza-like symptoms, including headache, myalgia, fatigue, bellyache, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, cough, and coryza were not decreased and alleviated after treatment of oseltamivir. Oseltamivir treatment does not significantly shorten the duration of fever, nor does it significantly relieve influenza-like symptoms in children with infection of influenza.