The blood serum of dromedary camels contains a unique type of antibodies with a high potency to neutralize toxins and to identify and inactivate some bacterial pathogens. The present study was designed to examine changes in the endometrial histology of cows with no subclinical endometritis (SE) (experiment 1) and changes in the uterine cytology and endometrial mRNA expression of COX2, IL-1β, IL-8, and iNOS following intrauterine administration of DCBS in cows with SE as compared to different common treatments (experiment 2). In addition, the effects of the intrauterine administration of DCBS were examined on the pregnancy rate in dairy cows with SE (experiment 3). DCBS did not induce any histological reactions in the bovine endometrium. The mean ( ± SE) percentage of PMNs after intrauterine infusion of Pen-Strep, DCBS and double DCBS in cows with SE differed as compared to cows treated with PGF2α and no treated cows with SE (1.47 ± 0.87; 1.43 ± 1.08 and 1.31 ± 0.23 vs 3.00 ± 0.43 and 3.5 ± 0.75, P < 0.05, respectively) in experiment 2. The mRNA expression of COX2, IL-1β, and iNOS was reduced (P < 0.05) after treatment with Pen-Strep, DCBS and double DCBS as compared with no treated-cows with SE. The pregnancy rate after the first AI was tended to be higher (49.2 vs 39.0%), while the overall pregnancy rate was greater (P < 0.05) in cows with SE when treated with DCBS as compared to the Pen-Strep group (76.9 vs 61.0%) in experiment 3. In conclusion, serum of dromedary camel, as a non-antibiotic preparation, can improve the uterine health and fertility when used for the treatment of bovine SE.
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