AI Article Synopsis
- There is currently no definitive microbiological gold standard for diagnosing childhood tuberculosis (TB) due to the disease's low bacterial count and difficulties in obtaining samples from young children.
- New World Health Organization guidelines suggest using rapid molecular tests and alternative sampling methods, but their adoption in areas with high TB prevalence is still quite low.
- This review examines both historical and modern diagnostic techniques, addresses existing challenges in improving diagnostic accuracy, and highlights research areas needing attention to enhance TB diagnosis in children.
Article Abstract
There is no microbiological gold standard for childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. The paucibacillary nature of the disease, challenges in sample collection in young children, and the limitations of currently available microbiological tests restrict microbiological confirmation of intrathoracic TB to the minority of children. Recent WHO guidelines recommend the use of novel rapid molecular assays as initial diagnostic tests for TB and endorse alternative sample collection methods for children. However, the uptake of these tools in high-endemic settings remains low. In this review, we appraise historic and new microbiological tests and sample collection techniques that can be used for the diagnosis of intrathoracic TB in children. We explore challenges and possible ways to improve diagnostic yield despite limitations, and identify research gaps to address in order to improve the microbiological diagnosis of intrathoracic TB in children.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9025862 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040389 | DOI Listing |
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