Background: Morphological integration refers to the tendency of anatomical structures to show correlated variations because they develop in response to shared developmental processes or function in concert with other structures. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between the dimensions of different cranial-cervical-facial structures in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Methodology: The study group consisted of 41 individuals with DS who had undergone cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at the Dental Radiology Unit of the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). In the historical archive of this same unit, 41 CBCTs belonging to individuals with no known systemic disorders or severe malformations of the maxillofacial region were selected, forming an age and sex-matched control group. Twenty-nine measurements were performed on each participant’s CBCT images, which were grouped into three blocks: atlantoaxial dimensions, craniovertebral dimensions and cephalometric dimensions. To determine whether there were significant differences between the dimensions obtained in the DS and control groups, we applied multiple analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis tests. The analysis of the association between blocks (in pairs) was performed with the canonical correlation analysis test. Results: The dimensions evaluated in the three blocks of variables of individuals with DS differ significantly from those of nonsyndromic controls (p < 0.001). The highest discriminative capacity to identify controls and patients with DS was obtained with the cephalometric dimensions (87.5%). With regard to the association between blocks (two-by-two measurements), we found no significant relationship in the DS group. However, we confirmed a statistically significant correlation between all pairs of blocks of variables in the controls, especially between the atlantoaxial and cephalometric dimensions (p < 0.001) and between the craniovertebral and cephalometric dimensions (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results confirm a very poor morphological integration of the cranial-cervical-maxillary complex in individuals with DS. This finding reinforces the proposal that gene overload enhances the channeling process.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11040496 | DOI Listing |
J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg
December 2024
Sorbonne Université, APHP. Sorbonne Université, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Paris, FRANCE; Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Paris, FRANCE.
Background: A specific pathological postural adaptation is suspected in patients exhibiting maxillo-mandibular deformity (MMD); however, none study reported a correlation between facial dimensions and posture. In this study, we hypothesized that pathological postural adaptations are related to long-face deformity and subsequent oral breathing in patients with MMD METHODS: Thirty patients with MMD and 20 healthy subjects. Breathing mode, postural alignment and cephalometry were analyzed through a biplanar X-ray (EOS imaging®) of the skeleton in an upright position, followed by three-dimensional reconstruction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Objectives: Flap division is the primary method for treating postoperative airway obstruction following pharyngeal flap surgery. However, a discussion on the treatment effectiveness and prognosis of this surgery is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effectiveness of flap division in improving airway obstruction and hyponasality after pharyngoplasty and to analyze the risk factors for postoperative complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
November 2024
Postgraduate Program in Human Communication Health, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model using supervised machine learning to determine sex based on the dimensions of the hyoid bone. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 495 patients were analyzed, collecting the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the hyoid bone, as well as the distance from the hyoid to the mandible. The following algorithms were trained: Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron Classifier (MLP), Decision Tree, AdaBoost Classifier, and Random Forest Classifier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral Radiol
November 2024
Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze variations in the sella turcica (ST) concerning its size, shape, and bridging, providing first reference values in Austrian individuals. Additionally, it assessed associations between these morphological and demographic parameters and their correlation with patients' skeletal class.
Methods: 208 lateral cephalometric radiographs (154 female, 54 male; age 8-58 years) from DPU Dental Clinic (Austria) were included.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open
October 2024
From the Cozy Yamamoto Dental Clinic, Ama, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
Background: Asian individuals often seek solutions to address midface depression and enhance nasal alar base morphology to achieve Western facial aesthetics. Current treatment options, including injections and invasive procedures, have limited efficacy and safety. To address these challenges, we introduced the "modified A-10 surgery," which integrates the Point A-Koji method, titanium plates, and artificial dermis insertion.
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