Wild Duck () as a Source of Antibiotic-Resistant subsp. O58-The First Report in Poland.

The "One Health" approach increasingly demonstrates the global spread of pathogenic microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance in the environment, both in animals and humans. subsp. is nowadays very often isolated from cold-blooded reptiles to a lesser extent from sheep, but unfortunately more and more often from humans. However, there are a few studies describing the isolation of subsp. from migratory wild birds. The mallard duck (), a wild animal that traverses the continent of Eurasia, can be an excellent indicator of the spread of intestinal microbes as well as their resistance to antibiotics. This is the first report of the subsp. detection in Poland in a migrating mallard duck. This research presented the identification difficulties associated with the isolation of subsp. using three different biochemical tests and advanced serology tests. At the same time, we detected very high antimicrobial resistance in the isolated strain. By using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, it was found that the isolated strain of subsp. has high antibiotic resistance against 14 of the 33 tested antimicrobials agents. The resistance genes that have been identified in subsp. include , , and .