The effects of two microelements, zinc and copper, on the aerobic co-metabolic removal of trichloroethylene (10 mg/L) by the isolate were investigated. The strain was previously isolated from a petroleum-contaminated site using toluene (150 mg/L) as substrate. Different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 mg/L) of microelements provided with SO and Cl were tested. The results showed the supplement of Zn and Cu at the low concentration (1 mg/L) significantly enhanced cell growth. The removal efficiencies for toluene and trichloroethylene were also enhanced at the low concentration (1 mg/L) of Zn and Cu. Compared to the control without zinc supplement, higher concentrations of zinc (10 and 100 mg/L) enhanced the removal efficiencies for both toluene and trichloroethylene in the first three days but showed some inhibitory effect afterward. However, the higher concentrations of Cu (10 and 100 mg/L) always showed inhibitory to the toluene removal while showing inhibitory to the TCE removal after three days. For both Zn and Cu, the anions SO and Cl did not show significant difference in their effects on the toluene removal. A possible mechanism for Zn and Cu to enhance the removal of toluene and trichloroethylene would be their involvement in toluene oxygenase-based transformation processes. In addition, high concentrations of Zn and Cu ions could be removed from the liquid by the cells accordingly. The results imply a potential of supplementing low concentrations of zinc and copper to enhance bioremediation of the sites co-contaminated with toluene and trichloroethylene.
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