Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
In malt production, steeping and germination steps offer favorable environmental conditions for fungal proliferation when barley is already contaminated by species, T-2 toxin producers. However, the use of as a biocontrol agent can prevent this proliferation. Indeed, in previous work, a correlation between phenyllactic acid (PLA) production by and the reduction in and growth and T-2 toxin concentration was demonstrated. In the present study, to improve the efficiency of , the effects of the inoculum concentration and the inoculation method of on PLA and T-2 toxin concentrations were evaluated. First, co-culture experiments with species and were conducted in a liquid synthetic medium. The results showed that inoculation of in the freeze-dried form at 0.4 g/L allowed the production of PLA from the second day of incubation associated with a reduction in T-2 toxin concentration of 82% and 69% produced by and respectively. Moreover, the activated form of at 0.4 g/L enhanced PLA concentration leading to better T-2 toxin reduction. Second, experiments were conducted on artificially infected barley kernels with both species under conditions mimicking the malting step. As for co-culture experiments, the use of the activated form of was established as the best condition for T-2 toxin concentration reduction for a 3 day malting period.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9026884 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040239 | DOI Listing |
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