[Achalasia Update].

Achalasia Update The neurodegenerative disease achalasia (obsolete: "cardiac spasm") is the second most common functional disease of the esophagus after reflux disease. It is associated with an extremely high level of suffering for the patient. Pathophysiologically, it is a combination of a lack of swallowing-reflex relaxation at the gastric entrance and disturbed peristalsis of the tubular esophagus. The gold standard in diagnostics is high-resolution manometry. The disease cannot be cured, the therapeutic spectrum that alleviates the disease includes pharmaceutical, endoscopic-interventional and surgical procedures.