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Indole and quinolizidine alkaloids from blue lupin leach to agricultural drainage water. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Phytotoxins, specifically toxic alkaloids, are produced by lupins and other Fabaceae family plants, but their environmental effects remain largely unexplored.
  • A field experiment measured the presence of these alkaloids in various samples including lupin tissues and drainage water, with lupanine being the most prevalent compound detected.
  • The cumulative amount of alkaloids found in drainage water was minimal compared to the total in lupin biomass, but significant amounts were transported during heavy rainfall, highlighting potential contamination risks for surface water in agricultural regions.

Article Abstract

Phytotoxins are produced in plants including agricultural crops. Lupins and other plants of the Fabaceae family produce toxic alkaloids. These alkaloids have been studied in food and feed, however, the environmental fate of alkaloids produced by cultivated lupins is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted an agricultural field experiment to investigate the occurrence of indole and quinolizidine alkaloids in lupin plant tissues, soil, soil pore water and in drainage water. During the field experiment, alkaloids were regularly quantified (median concentrations) in lupin (13-8.7 × 10 ng/g dry weight (dw)), and topsoils at depth 0-5 cm (0.1-10 ng/g dw), and depth 15-30 cm (0.2-8.5 ng/g dw), soil pore water (0.2-7.5 ng/L) and drainage water samples (0.4-18 ng/L). Lupanine was the dominant alkaloid in all collected samples. Cumulative amounts of alkaloids emitted via drainage water were around 0.1-11 mg/ha for individual alkaloids over one growing season. The total cumulative amount of alkaloid in drainage water was 14 mg/ha, which is a very small amount compared to the mass of alkaloid in the lupin biomass (11 kg/ha) and soil (0.02 kg/ha). Nearly half of the alkaloids were exported in the drainage water during high flow events, indicating that alkaloids transport preferentially via macropores. These findings indicate that drainage from lupin cultivated areas contribute to surface water contamination. The environmental and ecotoxicological relevance of alkaloids as newly identified aquatic micropollutants in areas with agricultural activities have yet to be assessed.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155283DOI Listing

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