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Neutralizing immunity in vaccine breakthrough infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants. | LitMetric

Neutralizing immunity in vaccine breakthrough infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants.

Cell

Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address:

Published: April 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • Researchers studied neutralizing immunity against Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing 259 samples from 128 vaccinated individuals using virus-like particle (VLP) and live virus assays.
  • After Delta breakthrough infections, individuals showed a much higher increase in antibody levels against the wild type (WT) strain compared to Omicron infections, which showed minimal increase.
  • The findings indicate that Omicron breakthrough infections are less effective in boosting immunity than Delta infections, likely due to more mild or asymptomatic cases, which could lead to lower protection against future infections or variants.

Article Abstract

Virus-like particle (VLP) and live virus assays were used to investigate neutralizing immunity against Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in 259 samples from 128 vaccinated individuals. Following Delta breakthrough infection, titers against WT rose 57-fold and 3.1-fold compared with uninfected boosted and unboosted individuals, respectively, versus only a 5.8-fold increase and 3.1-fold decrease for Omicron breakthrough infection. Among immunocompetent, unboosted patients, Delta breakthrough infections induced 10.8-fold higher titers against WT compared with Omicron (p = 0.037). Decreased antibody responses in Omicron breakthrough infections relative to Delta were potentially related to a higher proportion of asymptomatic or mild breakthrough infections (55.0% versus 28.6%, respectively), which exhibited 12.3-fold lower titers against WT compared with moderate to severe infections (p = 0.020). Following either Delta or Omicron breakthrough infection, limited variant-specific cross-neutralizing immunity was observed. These results suggest that Omicron breakthrough infections are less immunogenic than Delta, thus providing reduced protection against reinfection or infection from future variants.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8930394PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.019DOI Listing

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