One-pot conversion of dihydroxyacetone into ethyl lactate by Zr-based catalysts.

Efficient strategies for producing bio-based reagents from sustainable biomass are highly attractive for cost-effective sustainable manufacturing. In this study, a series of eco-friendly Zr-based catalysts (basic zirconium carbonate, zirconium dioxide and zirconium hydroxide) were investigated for the efficient conversion of dihydroxyacetone to ethyl lactate in a one-pot system, in which basic zirconium carbonate exhibited the best performance with 100% dihydroxyacetone conversion and 85.3% EL (ethyl lactate) yield at 140 °C, 4.0 h and 1.0 MPa N. The improved activity of basic zirconium carbonate could be attributed to the synergistic effect among acid and base active sites. Furthermore, this low-cost catalyst shows improved thermochemical stability and recyclability under optimal conditions, where no significant decrease in activity was observed after three runs. This catalytic process could be identified as a promising alternative to produce ethyl lactate from renewable biomass and its derivatives.