Currently, there are more than 8200 amphibian species described, including the orders Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders and newts) and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Amphibians have 3 heart chambers: 2 atria and 1 ventricle. Their heart anatomy, histology, and physiology are reviewed. The basic morphology of the heart is similar in all amphibians with some differences due to their lifestyle. Blood flow, blood mixing, and blood oxygenation show variation due to interindividual and interspecific differences. Finally, different diagnostic methods to investigate the amphibian heart are described and reported amphibian heart diseases are summarized, including genetic, congenital, infectious, and neoplastic heart diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2022.01.002 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Molecular regulatory effect of the ergot alkaloid methylergometrine on the α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology and Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology (BK21 FOUR), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea. Electronic address:
Methylergometrine has widely been used pharmacologically to treat conditions such as pain, addiction, vasoconstriction, migraines, and Parkinson's disease. Despite its side effects, it is used as a therapeutic agent and research material for various diseases based on its natural potential; however, the regulatory effect of its interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has not yet been investigated. The α3β4 nAChR is an ion channel essential for neurotransmission within the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and autonomic nervous systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPositive Selection of TLR2 and MyD88 Genes Provides Insights Into the Molecular Basis of Immunological Adaptation in Amphibians.
Ecol Evol
December 2024
The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences Henan Normal University Xinxiang China.
The transition from water to land of amphibians is evolutionarily significant in the history of vertebrates, and immunological adaptation is an important challenge for amphibians to respond to the dramatic changes of the environmental pathogens during their origin and diversification. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors for the innate immune response and TLRs signaling pathway play essential roles in the immune responses to pathogens and inflammatory reaction. However, the evolutionary patterns and molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptation in amphibians are poorly documented to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study identifies a new amphibian species in the genus Cacosternum from the Cederberg region of South Africa, previously misclassified as C. karooicum.
- This new species is closely related to C. capense and C. namaquense but is distinct due to specific morphological features and acoustic characteristics.
- The research includes insights into the new species' natural history, geographic distribution, and conservation needs.
First report of Hepatozoon and Lankesterella spp. infections in wild rodents from Pakistan, and their potential impact on blood parameters and oxidative stress markers in vital organs.
Vet Res Commun
November 2024
Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Article Synopsis
- Pakistan has a diverse rodent population, but until now, there has been no research on the presence of Haemogregarines in these animals, highlighting a gap in understanding their epidemiology and genetic variation in this region.
- The study collected blood samples from four rodent species in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, finding a 2.86% prevalence of Haemogregarines, with sequencing confirming the presence of Hepatozoon spp. and Lankesterella spp.
- Results showed that Rattus rattus had the highest infection rates, especially among female rodents, and infected individuals exhibited abnormal blood cell counts and oxidative stress indicators compared to uninfected rodents.
Establishment of a novel clonal GFP-expressing transgenic ginbuna crucian carp.
Dev Comp Immunol
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
The clonal triploid ginbuna crucian carp Carassius auratus langsdorfii, a naturally occurring gynogenetic fish, is suitable for cell transplantation studies to reveal the roles of stem cells and immune cells. To ensure long-term traceability of donor cells within recipient fish, we have established a transgenic ginbuna line that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP). The Xenopus laevis ef1a promoter was introduced for regulating GFP expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!